Thermal modalities include a variety of methods that
produce heating and cooling of the tissues to manage acute
and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Superficial heat, such
as moist hot packs, increases skin and joint temperature
and blood flow, and may decrease joint stiffness and muscle
spasms. However, the use of superficial heat has not been
studied extensively and there is little scientific evidence
to support its use in the treatment of pain. In early
injury, it may actually increase swelling at the injury
site (whereas cold would reduce swelling).
Diathermy
Diathermy involves the use of high-frequency oscillating
current and ultrasound (inaudible sound wave vibrations) to
create deep heating. The deep heating may reduce the
perception of pain. It is believed to promote healing and
decrease inflammation. While there has not been a great
deal of research on the effectiveness of diathermy and ultrasound
for pain relief, it appears that there are short-term beneficial
effects with the use of diathermy and significant improvement in
pain relief with ultrasound, as with other heating modalities
(Wright, 2001).
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy is the use of cold for the treatment of pain,
decreases skin and joint temperature and decreases blood flow
to the affected area. It has short-term benefits including
pain relief and reduction in swelling.
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